Search results for "Philosophy of psychology"
showing 9 items of 9 documents
Sourcebook for the History of the Philosophy of Mind
2014
Introduction.- I Soul as an entity.- 1. The soul and the mind in ancient philosophy (Juha Sihvola and Henrik Lagerlund).- 2. The soul and the mind in medieval and early modern theories (Henrik Lagerlund).- II Sense perception.- 1. Ancient theories (Miira Tuominen).- 2. Medieval theories (Simo Knuuttila & Pekka Karkkainen).- 3. Early modern theories (Tuomo Aho).- III Common sense, fantasy, and estimation.- 1. Common sense and fantasy in ancient philosophy (Miira Tuominen).- 2. Medieval theories of internal senses (Simo Knuuttila & Pekka Karkkainen).- 3. Renaissance theories of internal senses (Lorenzo Casini).- 4. Common sense and fantasy in the seventeenth and eighteenth century Tuomo Aho).…
Cognitive Dispositions in the Psychology of Peter John Olivi
2018
This chapter discusses Peter John Olivi’s (1248–1298) conception of the role of dispositions (habitus) in sensory cognition from metaphysical and psychological perspectives. It shows that Olivi makes a distinction between two general types of disposition. Some of them account for the ease, or difficulty, with which different persons use their cognitive powers, while others explain why people react differently to things that they perceive or think. This distinction is then applied to Olivi’s analysis of three different psychological operations, where the notion of disposition figures prominently; estimative perception, perceptual clarity, and the perception of pain and pleasure. The chapter …
La filosofía del lenguaje: su naturaleza y su contexto
2016
<p class='p1'>El artículo es un intento de determinar la naturaleza de la filosofía del lenguaje a través de las relaciones de esa disciplina con otras, tanto desde el punto de vista histórico como desde el sistemático. Se examina la forma en que la filosofía del lenguaje ha venido relacionándose de hecho con la lingüística, la lógica, la psicología y la propia filosofía, al tiempo que se hacen propuestas de clarificación de esas relaciones, en el sentido prescriptivo del término. De paso, se critican ciertas nociones que han venido oscureciendo el problema, como las de “lógica filosófica”, “filosofía lingüística” y otras, para terminar apoyando el papel fundamental de la filosofía de…
Subjectivity as a Non-Textual Standard of Interpretation in the History of Philosophical Psychology
2008
Contemporary caution against anachronism in intellectual history, and the currently mo mentous theoretical emphasis on subjectivity in the philosophy of mind, are two prevailing conditions that set puzzling constraints for studies in the history of philosophical psychol ogy. The former urges against assuming ideas, motives, and concepts that are alien to the historical intellectual setting under study, and combined with the latter suggests caution in relying on our intuitions regarding subjectivity due to the historically contingent charac terizations it has attained in contemporary philosophy of mind. In the face of these condi tions, our paper raises a question of what we call non-textual…
Estimative Power as a Social Sense
2020
The estimative power has been widely discussed in modern scholarly literature. This chapter complements the existing picture by analysing medieval Latin views concerning its role as the explanans of the social behaviour of humans and other animals. Although medieval authors rarely focus on this function, the chapter shows that the estimative power plays an important explanatory role both in philosophical psychology and political philosophy.
Towards a Modelization of the elusive Concept of Wisdom using Fuzzy Techniques
2012
After having been a term of reflection in philosophy as well as psychology for ages, the fascination with human wisdom finally reaches the realms of computer science. In comparison to the first philosophical definition attempts, that date back to Aristotle (384 BC – 322BC), the efforts in information science during the late 1980s seem quite recent. Nevertheless have there been astonishing new insights provided by cognitive science since those first formal modelizations were designed – findings that strongly suggest a reconsideration of our current formalization of wisdom in the computer science domain. We suggest to establish a new, integrated view on the concept of wisdom, using the insigh…
SUBJECTIVITY AS A NON-TEXTUAL STANDARD OF INTERPRETATION IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY
2010
Contemporary caution against anachronism in intellectual history, and the currently momentous theoretical emphasis on subjectivity in the philosophy of mind, are two prevailing conditions that set puzzling constraints for studies in the history of philosophical psychology. The former urges against assuming ideas, motives, and concepts that are alien to the historical intellectual setting under study, and combined with the latter suggests caution in relying on our intuitions regarding subjectivity due to the historically contingent characterizations it has attained in contemporary philosophy of mind. In the face of these conditions, our paper raises a question of what we call non-textual (as…
Perceptual Self-Awareness in Seneca, Augustine, and Olivi
2013
This article traces the philosophical idea of self-perception from the times of ancient Stoicism to the thirteenth century by analyzing the views of Seneca, Augustine, and Olivi. The central argument is that they defend the same idea according to which self-preservation and the appropriate use of one’s body requires awareness thereof, despite the obvious contextual differences and the uncertainty of direct historical connections between the authors. They think that this kind of self-awareness does not belong only to human beings, because irrational animals need to perceive their bodies, the functions of their bodily parts, and to perceive themselves as living beings in order to act appropri…
The Psychic Life and Creativity of the Forms of Life. Some Remarks on Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Psychology
2015
Wittgenstein’s later philosophy addresses the subject of connection between the psychic life of the individual and social context, represented by language games which are played within a form of life. Sensations and passions are part of the psychic life of the individual; far from being hidden psychological objects of a private Cartesian, they are inseparable from their social redefinition. In fact, they become visible in the context of the game. Wittgenstein argues that there is a transformation of subjective psychic life by learning language games. The psychic life of the individual is then re-organized by learning a socially defined, characteristic behaviour pattern. However, the learnin…